Mesothelioma is a disease linked to breathing in cancer-causing asbestos in the workplace. Attorneys Joseph W. Belluck and Jordan Fox help victims recover damages resulting from malpractice, negligence, unsafe products and work injuries.
According to the National Cancer Institute: “Malignant mesothelioma, a rare form of cancer, is a disease in which cancer (malignant) cells are found in the sac lining the chest (the pleura), the lining of the abdominal cavity (the peritoneum) or the lining around the heart (the pericardium).” Most people with malignant mesothelioma have worked on jobs where they breathed asbestos. Others have been exposed to asbestos in a household environment, often without knowing it. An exposure of as little as one or two months can result in mesothelioma 30 or 40 years later. People exposed in the 1940s, 50s, 60s, and 70s are now being diagnosed with mesothelioma because of the long latency period of asbestos disease.
Belluck & Fox’s mesothelioma Web site consists of more than 70 pages of content and was conceived by the Belluck & Fox firm to serve as the premier source of information and communication for Mesothelioma victims and their families. In addition to sections that focus on Breaking News; Asbestos; Mesothelioma Symptoms and Diagnosis; Treatment and Clinical Trials, Doctors and Hospitals; Victims’ Legal Rights and an on-line library, a Mesothelioma community board is in place that enables people to connect with others regarding the disease. An online evaluation form, developed by Belluck & Fox, guides the visitor through providing the information needed to determine the strength of mesothelioma case. The site’s internal search engine enables users quickly locate the information on the site.
Belluck & Fox and Consultwebs brought the concept for the site to reality by helping develop a site rich in facts, information, and resources. Consultwebs’ and Belluck & Fox researchers utilized paid and non fee-based Web sources, as well as physician consultation to develop a site filled with practical information that educates, informs and promotes interaction between those whose lives have been touched by this devastating illness. In addition to site design, coding, research and content development assistance, Consultwebs optimized the site to attract Web traffic. According to Dale Tincher, president and managing partner for Consultwebs, “The mentality of “if you build it, they will come” simply does not hold true in the Internet environment. The only way to put information in the hands of those who need it is by attracting visitors and keeping them interested in what a Web site has to say. Multitudes have been affected by the scourge of this disease, so we felt that it was critical to make the Belluck & Fox mesothelioma campaign successful.”Joseph Belluck and Jordan Fox are experienced consumer and injury attorneys, who focus on cases involving mesothelioma and asbestos. As experienced advocates and counselors, they focus on high quality, individualized representation in serious injury cases. The firm provides individual attention to each case. As counselors, they make sure to give their clients advice and information. As lawyers, they provide high quality legal services, from starting the case to the last appeal.
Tuesday, March 10, 2009
Mesothelioma Lawyers
Originally hailed as an uncommonly useful material used in a variety of applications to make things lighter, stronger, fire resistant, more flexible, and other desirable attributes, we know now that asbestos is a profoundly hazardous substance that causes many health problems. One of the most well-known diseases caused by exposure to asbestos is mesothelioma and it affects over 2,000 people each year in the U.S. and many thousands more throughout the rest of the world.
Sadly, it is estimated that millions of people all over the world have been exposed to asbestos in their daily lives and medical science is still discovering how this exposure affects their health and the health of those around them. As awareness has grown about the disease and the numbers of victims has risen, companies that were lax about controlling asbestos in the workplace have faced litigation from victims represented by law firms and mesothelioma lawyers specializing in bringing mesothelioma cases to court.
What is Mesothelioma?
Mesothelioma is an uncommon form of cancer which creates malignant cells in the body’s mesothelium, the membrane that covers many of the body’s internal organs. The cancer cells begin to develop and multiply and the cancer is capable of spreading from the source to other organs and areas of the body. Symptoms include shortness of breath, chest pain, anemia, fever, abnormal blood clotting, and others depending on the cancer’s location.
What causes Mesothelioma?
The single biggest cause of mesothelioma is exposure to asbestos fibers in the home or workplace. Although there have been recorded cases of mesothelioma where the victim has had no asbestos exposure, the vast majority of victims have worked with or worked in an environment where asbestos dust was present.
Who is at Risk for Mesothelioma?
The vast majority of mesothelioma victims are people who have worked in industries such as mining, construction, shipbuilding, heating and cooling installation, and places where asbestos is processed and produced. The risks of contracting mesothelioma and other asbestos-related diseases scale with the length of time a worker has been exposed. There is additional evidence that suggests that people living with workers in asbestos-related industries may also be at increased risk from coming into contact with dust and fibers brought into the home on workers’ clothing.
What to do about Mesothelioma
If you or someone you love has been diagnosed with mesothelioma or another asbestos-related disease, it is highly recommended that you contact a mesothelioma lawyer with experience bringing mesothelioma cases to trial. A mesothelioma settlement can help to defray medical expenses and provide for your family in the event of your passing. MesotheliomaLawyers.com is dedicated to providing timely information about mesothelioma, its causes, and assisting those who suffer from this condition. Check back often for new information about mesothelioma and options for mesothelioma victims and their familes.
Sadly, it is estimated that millions of people all over the world have been exposed to asbestos in their daily lives and medical science is still discovering how this exposure affects their health and the health of those around them. As awareness has grown about the disease and the numbers of victims has risen, companies that were lax about controlling asbestos in the workplace have faced litigation from victims represented by law firms and mesothelioma lawyers specializing in bringing mesothelioma cases to court.
What is Mesothelioma?
Mesothelioma is an uncommon form of cancer which creates malignant cells in the body’s mesothelium, the membrane that covers many of the body’s internal organs. The cancer cells begin to develop and multiply and the cancer is capable of spreading from the source to other organs and areas of the body. Symptoms include shortness of breath, chest pain, anemia, fever, abnormal blood clotting, and others depending on the cancer’s location.
What causes Mesothelioma?
The single biggest cause of mesothelioma is exposure to asbestos fibers in the home or workplace. Although there have been recorded cases of mesothelioma where the victim has had no asbestos exposure, the vast majority of victims have worked with or worked in an environment where asbestos dust was present.
Who is at Risk for Mesothelioma?
The vast majority of mesothelioma victims are people who have worked in industries such as mining, construction, shipbuilding, heating and cooling installation, and places where asbestos is processed and produced. The risks of contracting mesothelioma and other asbestos-related diseases scale with the length of time a worker has been exposed. There is additional evidence that suggests that people living with workers in asbestos-related industries may also be at increased risk from coming into contact with dust and fibers brought into the home on workers’ clothing.
What to do about Mesothelioma
If you or someone you love has been diagnosed with mesothelioma or another asbestos-related disease, it is highly recommended that you contact a mesothelioma lawyer with experience bringing mesothelioma cases to trial. A mesothelioma settlement can help to defray medical expenses and provide for your family in the event of your passing. MesotheliomaLawyers.com is dedicated to providing timely information about mesothelioma, its causes, and assisting those who suffer from this condition. Check back often for new information about mesothelioma and options for mesothelioma victims and their familes.
Saturday, March 7, 2009
Asbestos and Asbestos Health Effects
What is asbestos?
Asbestos is the name given to a number of naturally occurring fibrous minerals with high tensile strength, the ability to be woven, and resistance to heat and most chemicals. Because of these properties, asbestos fibers have been used in a wide range of manufactured goods, including roofing shingles, ceiling and floor tiles, paper and cement products, textiles, coatings, and friction products such as automobile clutch, brake and transmission parts. The current federal definition of asbestos is the asbestiform varieties of: chrysotile (serpentine); crocidolite (riebeckite); amosite (cummingtonite/grunerite); anthophyllite; tremolite; and actinolite.
What are the health effects of asbestos exposure?
Exposure to airborne friable asbestos may result in a potential health risk because persons breathing the air may breathe in asbestos fibers. Continued exposure can increase the amount of fibers that remain in the lung. Fibers embedded in lung tissue over time may cause serious lung diseases including: asbestosis, lung cancer, or mesothelioma. Smoking increases the risk of developing illness from asbestos exposure.
Three of the major health effects associated with asbestos exposure include:
Asbestosis – Asbestosis is a serious, progressive, long-term non-cancer disease of the lungs. It is caused by inhaling asbestos fibers that irritate lung tissues and cause the tissues to scar. The scarring makes it hard for oxygen to get into the blood. Symptoms of asbestosis include shortness of breath and a dry, crackling sound in the lungs while inhaling. There is no effective treatment for asbestosis.
Lung Cancer – Lung cancer causes the largest number of deaths related to asbestos exposure. People who work in the mining, milling, manufacturing of asbestos, and those who use asbestos and its products are more likely to develop lung cancer than the general population. The most common symptoms of lung cancer are coughing and a change in breathing. Other symptoms include shortness of breath, persistent chest pains, hoarseness, and anemia.
Mesothelioma – Mesothelioma is a rare form of cancer that is found in the thin lining (membrane) of the lung, chest, abdomen, and heart and almost all cases are linked to exposure to asbestos. This disease may not show up until many years after asbestos exposure. This is why great efforts are being made to prevent school children from being exposed.
Exposure to asbestos increases your risk of developing lung disease. That risk is made worse by smoking. In general, the greater the exposure to asbestos, the greater the chance of developing harmful health effects. Disease symptoms may take several years to develop following exposure. If you are concerned about possible exposure, consult a physician who specializes in lung diseases (pulmonologist).
Asbestos is the name given to a number of naturally occurring fibrous minerals with high tensile strength, the ability to be woven, and resistance to heat and most chemicals. Because of these properties, asbestos fibers have been used in a wide range of manufactured goods, including roofing shingles, ceiling and floor tiles, paper and cement products, textiles, coatings, and friction products such as automobile clutch, brake and transmission parts. The current federal definition of asbestos is the asbestiform varieties of: chrysotile (serpentine); crocidolite (riebeckite); amosite (cummingtonite/grunerite); anthophyllite; tremolite; and actinolite.
What are the health effects of asbestos exposure?
Exposure to airborne friable asbestos may result in a potential health risk because persons breathing the air may breathe in asbestos fibers. Continued exposure can increase the amount of fibers that remain in the lung. Fibers embedded in lung tissue over time may cause serious lung diseases including: asbestosis, lung cancer, or mesothelioma. Smoking increases the risk of developing illness from asbestos exposure.
Three of the major health effects associated with asbestos exposure include:
Asbestosis – Asbestosis is a serious, progressive, long-term non-cancer disease of the lungs. It is caused by inhaling asbestos fibers that irritate lung tissues and cause the tissues to scar. The scarring makes it hard for oxygen to get into the blood. Symptoms of asbestosis include shortness of breath and a dry, crackling sound in the lungs while inhaling. There is no effective treatment for asbestosis.
Lung Cancer – Lung cancer causes the largest number of deaths related to asbestos exposure. People who work in the mining, milling, manufacturing of asbestos, and those who use asbestos and its products are more likely to develop lung cancer than the general population. The most common symptoms of lung cancer are coughing and a change in breathing. Other symptoms include shortness of breath, persistent chest pains, hoarseness, and anemia.
Mesothelioma – Mesothelioma is a rare form of cancer that is found in the thin lining (membrane) of the lung, chest, abdomen, and heart and almost all cases are linked to exposure to asbestos. This disease may not show up until many years after asbestos exposure. This is why great efforts are being made to prevent school children from being exposed.
Exposure to asbestos increases your risk of developing lung disease. That risk is made worse by smoking. In general, the greater the exposure to asbestos, the greater the chance of developing harmful health effects. Disease symptoms may take several years to develop following exposure. If you are concerned about possible exposure, consult a physician who specializes in lung diseases (pulmonologist).
A patient Information Guide to Insulin, Glucagon, Somatostatin & Gastrin.
The human pancreas is an amazing organ with two main functions: [1] to produce pancreatic endocrine hormones (e.g., insulin & glucagon) which help regulate many aspects of our metabolism and [2], to produce pancreatic digestive enzymes. The hormone function of the pancreas is the emphasis of this portion of Endocrine Web ~ this is referred to as the Endocrine Pancreas. Pancreatic production of insulin, somatostatin, gastrin, and glucagon plays an important role in maintaining sugar and salt balance in our bodies and therefore any problem in the production or regulation of these hormones will manifest itself with problems with blood sugar and fluid / salt imbalances.
The digestive portion of the pancreas makes up more than 90 percent of its total cell mass. The digestive (or exocrine) pancreas is responsible for making digestive enzymes which are secreted into the intestines to help digest (break down) the food we eat. These enzymes digest proteins, fats, and carbohydrates into much smaller molecules so our intestines can absorb them. The picture above is an accurate representation of the pancreas which lies next to the duodenum (the first part of the small intestine right after the stomach). The actual size of the pancreas is similar to a banana which has been stepped on...it has a slight curve to it, and its about the same length, width, and thickness. The yellow "tube" running through the middle of the pancreas is called the pancreatic duct. It drains all the digestive enzymes from the pancreatic cells where they are made into the duodenum where they mix with food as it comes out of the stomach.
The Endocrine Pancreas
The emphasis of the remainder of these pages within Endocrine Web is on the Endocrine Pancreas. Approximately 5 percent of the total pancreatic mass is comprised of endocrine cells. These endocrine cells are clustered in groups within the pancreas which look like little islands of cells when examined under a microscope. This appearance led to these groups of pancreatic endocrine cells being called "Pancreatic Islets". Within pancreatic islets are cells which make specific pancreatic endocrine hormones, of which there are only a few (the most famous of course being insulin). These cells within the islets are called "Pancreatic Islet Cells".
Pancreatic islets are scattered throughout the pancreas. Like all endocrine glands, they secrete their hormones into the bloodstream and not into tubes or ducts like the digestive pancreas. Because of this need to secrete their hormones into the blood stream, pancreatic islets are surrounded by small blood vessels. This relationship is shown in the picture of a pancreatic islet where islet cells are secreting their hormones into nearby blood vessels. Remember, the purpose of endocrine cells is to make hormones which are secreted into the blood stream where they gain access to other cells very far away with the goal of making those cells respond in a specific fashion.
The digestive portion of the pancreas makes up more than 90 percent of its total cell mass. The digestive (or exocrine) pancreas is responsible for making digestive enzymes which are secreted into the intestines to help digest (break down) the food we eat. These enzymes digest proteins, fats, and carbohydrates into much smaller molecules so our intestines can absorb them. The picture above is an accurate representation of the pancreas which lies next to the duodenum (the first part of the small intestine right after the stomach). The actual size of the pancreas is similar to a banana which has been stepped on...it has a slight curve to it, and its about the same length, width, and thickness. The yellow "tube" running through the middle of the pancreas is called the pancreatic duct. It drains all the digestive enzymes from the pancreatic cells where they are made into the duodenum where they mix with food as it comes out of the stomach.
The Endocrine Pancreas
The emphasis of the remainder of these pages within Endocrine Web is on the Endocrine Pancreas. Approximately 5 percent of the total pancreatic mass is comprised of endocrine cells. These endocrine cells are clustered in groups within the pancreas which look like little islands of cells when examined under a microscope. This appearance led to these groups of pancreatic endocrine cells being called "Pancreatic Islets". Within pancreatic islets are cells which make specific pancreatic endocrine hormones, of which there are only a few (the most famous of course being insulin). These cells within the islets are called "Pancreatic Islet Cells".
Pancreatic islets are scattered throughout the pancreas. Like all endocrine glands, they secrete their hormones into the bloodstream and not into tubes or ducts like the digestive pancreas. Because of this need to secrete their hormones into the blood stream, pancreatic islets are surrounded by small blood vessels. This relationship is shown in the picture of a pancreatic islet where islet cells are secreting their hormones into nearby blood vessels. Remember, the purpose of endocrine cells is to make hormones which are secreted into the blood stream where they gain access to other cells very far away with the goal of making those cells respond in a specific fashion.
Complete Osteoporosis Information
All men and women face the risk and dangers of osteoporosis in their lifetime. These pages make osteoporosis understandable through specific osteoporosis topic pages listed below.
Diagnosing Osteoporosis
Making the diagnosis of osteoporosis
Differences between osteoporosis and osteopenia
Normal Bone Formation
Factors involved in bone formation - prior to osteoporosis
How osteoporosis comes about
Maintenance of Strong Bones as an Adult - Avoiding Osteoporosis
The effect of bone remodeling on osteoporosis
How to reduce the risk of osteoporosis
The Role of Physical Activity in the Maintenance of Bone Strength and Osteoporosis
The role of exercise in preventing osteoporosis
Are some exercises better for bones with osteoporosis?
The Role of Calcium in the Maintenance of Bone Strength
The role of calcium in preventing osteoporosis
Daily calcium requirements by age, sex, and hormone status and its effects on osteoporosis
The Effects of Menopause on Bone Strength
The influence of estrogen on osteoporosis
The effect of estrogen replacement on osteoporosis after menopause
Effects of Parathyroid Hormone onOsteoporosis & Bone Pain
Hyperparathyroidism dramatically worsens osteoporosis
Also see www.Parathyroid.com for more Parathyroid Information
Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis
Prevention of osteoporosis
Treatment of osteoporosis
Over the Counter Drugs Proven to be Beneficial for Treating Osteoporosis
Calcium and Vitamin D to treat osteoporosis.
Hormones Proven to be Beneficial for Treating Osteoporosis
Estrogen
Raloxifene ("designer estrogens")
The Newest Drugs Proven to be Beneficial for Treating Osteoporosis
Calcitonin
Biophosphonates
Non-Drug Treatments of Osteoporosis
Exercise
Miscellaneous
Diagnosing Osteoporosis
Making the diagnosis of osteoporosis
Differences between osteoporosis and osteopenia
Normal Bone Formation
Factors involved in bone formation - prior to osteoporosis
How osteoporosis comes about
Maintenance of Strong Bones as an Adult - Avoiding Osteoporosis
The effect of bone remodeling on osteoporosis
How to reduce the risk of osteoporosis
The Role of Physical Activity in the Maintenance of Bone Strength and Osteoporosis
The role of exercise in preventing osteoporosis
Are some exercises better for bones with osteoporosis?
The Role of Calcium in the Maintenance of Bone Strength
The role of calcium in preventing osteoporosis
Daily calcium requirements by age, sex, and hormone status and its effects on osteoporosis
The Effects of Menopause on Bone Strength
The influence of estrogen on osteoporosis
The effect of estrogen replacement on osteoporosis after menopause
Effects of Parathyroid Hormone onOsteoporosis & Bone Pain
Hyperparathyroidism dramatically worsens osteoporosis
Also see www.Parathyroid.com for more Parathyroid Information
Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis
Prevention of osteoporosis
Treatment of osteoporosis
Over the Counter Drugs Proven to be Beneficial for Treating Osteoporosis
Calcium and Vitamin D to treat osteoporosis.
Hormones Proven to be Beneficial for Treating Osteoporosis
Estrogen
Raloxifene ("designer estrogens")
The Newest Drugs Proven to be Beneficial for Treating Osteoporosis
Calcitonin
Biophosphonates
Non-Drug Treatments of Osteoporosis
Exercise
Miscellaneous
Your Thyroid Gland
Your Thyroid Gland
Thyroid Disease, Thyroid Cancer, Thyroid Nodules, Thyroid Hormone, Thyroid Function, Thyroid Surgery, Thyroid Ultrasound, Thyroid X-Rays, Thyroid Drugs, and all other Thyroid Problems and their Treatments.
The thyroid gland is the biggest gland in the neck. It is situated in the anterior (front) neck below the skin and muscle layers. The thyroid gland takes the shape of a butterfly with the two wings being represented by the left and right thyroid lobes which wrap around the trachea. The sole function of the thyroid is to make thyroid hormone. This hormone has an effect on nearly all tissues of the body where it increases cellular activity. The function of the thyroid therefore is to regulate the body's metabolism.
Common Thyroid Problems
The thyroid gland is prone to several very distinct problems, some of which are extremely common. These problems can be broken down into [1] those concerning the production of hormone (too much, or too little), [2] those due to increased growth of the thyroid causing compression of important neck structures or simply appearing as a mass in the neck, [3] the formation of nodules or lumps within the thyroid which are worrisome for the presence of thyroid cancer, and [4] those which are cancerous. Each thyroid topic is addressed separately and illustrated with actual patient x-rays and pictures to make them easier to understand. The information on this web site is arranged to give you more detailed and complex information as you read further.
Goiters ~ A thyroid goiter is a dramatic enlargement of the thyroid gland. Goiters are often removed because of cosmetic reasons or, more commonly, because they compress other vital structures of the neck including the trachea and the esophagus making breathing and swallowing difficult. Sometimes goiters will actually grow into the chest where they can cause trouble as well. Several nice x-rays will help explain all types of thyroid goiter problems.
Thyroid Cancer ~ Thyroid cancer is a fairly common malignancy, however, the vast majority have excellent long term survival. We now include a separate page on the characteristics of each type of thyroid cancer and its typical treatment, follow-up, and prognosis. Over 30 pages thyroid cancer.
Solitary Thyroid Nodules ~ There are several characteristics of solitary nodules of the thyroid which make them suspicious for malignancy. Although as many as 50% of the population will have a nodule somewhere in their thyroid, the overwhelming majority of these are benign. Occasionally, thyroid nodules can take on characteristics of malignancy and require either a needle biopsy or surgical excision. Now includes risks of radiation exposure and the role of Needle Biopsy for evaluating a thyroid nodule. Also a new page on the role of ultrasound in diagnosing thyroid nodules and masses.
Hyperthyroidism ~ Hyperthyroidism means too much thyroid hormone. Current methods used for treating a hyperthyroid patient are radioactive iodine, anti-thyroid drugs, or surgery. Each method has advantages and disadvantages and is selected for individual patients. Many times the situation will suggest that all three methods are appropriate, while other circumstances will dictate a single best therapeutic option. Surgery is the least common treatment selected for hyperthyroidism. The different causes of hyperthyroidism are covered in detail.
Hypothyroidism ~ Hypothyroidism means too little thyroid hormone and is a common problem. In fact, hypothyroidism is often present for a number of years before it is recognized and treated. There are several common causes, each of which are covered in detail. Hypothyroidism can even be associated with pregnancy. Treatment for all types of hypothyroidism is usually straightforward.
Thyroiditis ~ Thyroiditis is an inflammatory process ongoing within the thyroid gland. Thyroiditis can present with a number of symptoms such as fever and pain, but it can also present as subtle findings of hypo or hyper-thyroidism. There are a number of causes, some more common than others. Each is covered on this site.
Thyroid Disease, Thyroid Cancer, Thyroid Nodules, Thyroid Hormone, Thyroid Function, Thyroid Surgery, Thyroid Ultrasound, Thyroid X-Rays, Thyroid Drugs, and all other Thyroid Problems and their Treatments.
The thyroid gland is the biggest gland in the neck. It is situated in the anterior (front) neck below the skin and muscle layers. The thyroid gland takes the shape of a butterfly with the two wings being represented by the left and right thyroid lobes which wrap around the trachea. The sole function of the thyroid is to make thyroid hormone. This hormone has an effect on nearly all tissues of the body where it increases cellular activity. The function of the thyroid therefore is to regulate the body's metabolism.
Common Thyroid Problems
The thyroid gland is prone to several very distinct problems, some of which are extremely common. These problems can be broken down into [1] those concerning the production of hormone (too much, or too little), [2] those due to increased growth of the thyroid causing compression of important neck structures or simply appearing as a mass in the neck, [3] the formation of nodules or lumps within the thyroid which are worrisome for the presence of thyroid cancer, and [4] those which are cancerous. Each thyroid topic is addressed separately and illustrated with actual patient x-rays and pictures to make them easier to understand. The information on this web site is arranged to give you more detailed and complex information as you read further.
Goiters ~ A thyroid goiter is a dramatic enlargement of the thyroid gland. Goiters are often removed because of cosmetic reasons or, more commonly, because they compress other vital structures of the neck including the trachea and the esophagus making breathing and swallowing difficult. Sometimes goiters will actually grow into the chest where they can cause trouble as well. Several nice x-rays will help explain all types of thyroid goiter problems.
Thyroid Cancer ~ Thyroid cancer is a fairly common malignancy, however, the vast majority have excellent long term survival. We now include a separate page on the characteristics of each type of thyroid cancer and its typical treatment, follow-up, and prognosis. Over 30 pages thyroid cancer.
Solitary Thyroid Nodules ~ There are several characteristics of solitary nodules of the thyroid which make them suspicious for malignancy. Although as many as 50% of the population will have a nodule somewhere in their thyroid, the overwhelming majority of these are benign. Occasionally, thyroid nodules can take on characteristics of malignancy and require either a needle biopsy or surgical excision. Now includes risks of radiation exposure and the role of Needle Biopsy for evaluating a thyroid nodule. Also a new page on the role of ultrasound in diagnosing thyroid nodules and masses.
Hyperthyroidism ~ Hyperthyroidism means too much thyroid hormone. Current methods used for treating a hyperthyroid patient are radioactive iodine, anti-thyroid drugs, or surgery. Each method has advantages and disadvantages and is selected for individual patients. Many times the situation will suggest that all three methods are appropriate, while other circumstances will dictate a single best therapeutic option. Surgery is the least common treatment selected for hyperthyroidism. The different causes of hyperthyroidism are covered in detail.
Hypothyroidism ~ Hypothyroidism means too little thyroid hormone and is a common problem. In fact, hypothyroidism is often present for a number of years before it is recognized and treated. There are several common causes, each of which are covered in detail. Hypothyroidism can even be associated with pregnancy. Treatment for all types of hypothyroidism is usually straightforward.
Thyroiditis ~ Thyroiditis is an inflammatory process ongoing within the thyroid gland. Thyroiditis can present with a number of symptoms such as fever and pain, but it can also present as subtle findings of hypo or hyper-thyroidism. There are a number of causes, some more common than others. Each is covered on this site.
The Diabetes
The Diabetes Center
Introduction to Diabetes
Diabetes is a very big topic! To make the diagnosis, complications and treatment of diabetes more understandable, we have broken "diabetes" into several dozen diabetes topic pages which go into more and more detail. Our diabetes search engine will help you find specific diabetes information, or you can come back to this introduction page to see each of the diabetes topic pages listed.
Diabetes is a disorder characterized by hyperglycemia or elevated blood glucose (blood sugar). Our bodies function best at a certain level of sugar in the bloodstream. If the amount of sugar in our blood runs too high or too low, then we typically feel bad. Diabetes is the name of the condition where the blood sugar level consistently runs too high. Diabetes is the most common endocrine disorder. Sixteen million Americans have diabetes, yet many are not aware of it. African Americans, Hispanics and Native Americans have a higher rate of developing diabetes during their lifetime. Diabetes has potential long term complications that can affect the kidneys, eyes, heart, blood vessels and nerves. A number of pages on this web site are devoted to the prevention and treatment of the complications of diabetes.
Types of Diabetes
Although doctors and patients alike tend to group all patients with diabetes together, the truth is that there are two different types of diabetes which are similar in their elevated blood sugar, but different in many other ways. Throughout the remainder of these web pages we will be referring to the different types of diabetes when appropriate, but when the topic pertains to both types of diabetes we will use the general term "diabetes".
Diabetes is correctly divided into two major subgroups: Type 1 diabetes and Type 2 diabetes. This division is based upon whether the blood sugar problem is caused by insulin deficiency (Type 1) or insulin resistance (Type 2). Insulin deficiency means there is not enough insulin being made by the pancreas due to a malfunction of their insulin producing cells. Insulin resistance occurs when there is plenty of insulin made by the pancreas (it is functioning normally and making plenty of insulin) but the cells of the body are resistant to it's action which results in the blood sugar being too high.
Introduction to Diabetes
Diabetes is a very big topic! To make the diagnosis, complications and treatment of diabetes more understandable, we have broken "diabetes" into several dozen diabetes topic pages which go into more and more detail. Our diabetes search engine will help you find specific diabetes information, or you can come back to this introduction page to see each of the diabetes topic pages listed.
Diabetes is a disorder characterized by hyperglycemia or elevated blood glucose (blood sugar). Our bodies function best at a certain level of sugar in the bloodstream. If the amount of sugar in our blood runs too high or too low, then we typically feel bad. Diabetes is the name of the condition where the blood sugar level consistently runs too high. Diabetes is the most common endocrine disorder. Sixteen million Americans have diabetes, yet many are not aware of it. African Americans, Hispanics and Native Americans have a higher rate of developing diabetes during their lifetime. Diabetes has potential long term complications that can affect the kidneys, eyes, heart, blood vessels and nerves. A number of pages on this web site are devoted to the prevention and treatment of the complications of diabetes.
Types of Diabetes
Although doctors and patients alike tend to group all patients with diabetes together, the truth is that there are two different types of diabetes which are similar in their elevated blood sugar, but different in many other ways. Throughout the remainder of these web pages we will be referring to the different types of diabetes when appropriate, but when the topic pertains to both types of diabetes we will use the general term "diabetes".
Diabetes is correctly divided into two major subgroups: Type 1 diabetes and Type 2 diabetes. This division is based upon whether the blood sugar problem is caused by insulin deficiency (Type 1) or insulin resistance (Type 2). Insulin deficiency means there is not enough insulin being made by the pancreas due to a malfunction of their insulin producing cells. Insulin resistance occurs when there is plenty of insulin made by the pancreas (it is functioning normally and making plenty of insulin) but the cells of the body are resistant to it's action which results in the blood sugar being too high.
adrenal glands
The adrenal glands are orange-colored endocrine glands which are located on the top of both kidneys. The adrenal glands are triangular shaped and measure about one-half inch in height and 3 inches in length. Each gland consists of a medulla (the center of the gland) which is surrounded by the cortex. The medulla is responsible for producing epinephrine and norepinephrine (adrenaline). The adrenal cortex produces other hormones necessary for fluid and electrolyte (salt) balance in the body such as cortisone and aldosterone. The adrenal cortex also makes sex hormones but this only becomes important if overproduction is present
Indications for Surgical Removal of Adrenal Glands
The indications for surgical removal of the adrenal gland are relatively straightforward and include, but are not limited to the following:
Tumors of the adrenal cortex which overproduce hormones. One such tumor is shown in the picture...it is the round yellow mass located within the triangular adrenal gland. This picture is blown up about 2-fold to make it easier to see. The normal adrenal gland is NOT this big. Endocrine glands are very important despite their small size since they make important hormones.
Tumors of the adrenal medulla which overproduce adrenaline (pheochromocytoma).
Most solid tumors of the adrenal gland which are greater than 4 cm (~2 inches) regardless of whether they produce hormone or not (to rule out malignancy).
Primary cancers of the adrenal.
Any size adrenal mass which causes symptoms such as flank pain or tenderness.
Note: the above conditions which indicate the surgical removal of an adrenal gland all exclude the situation in which cancer has spread from another organ to the adrenal (metastatic spread)...with very few exceptions.
The remainder of the adrenal section of this large endocrine disorders site is arranged in small segments to make topics easier to understand.
Specific hormones are discussed on pages which illustrate the typical treatment of that disorder. Illustrations and actual patient x-rays are used extensively and new ones are added regularly. If you get lost, or want to see what else is discussed, go to our Home Page.
Five Specific Operations for adrenal tumors [includes reasons why one approach may be better than another]
X-Ray Tests to evaluate adrenal masses and tumors
More on Pheochromocytomas (go here first) as the "Ten Percent Tumor"
Diseases of the Adrenal Cortex: Cushings Syndrome from cortisol overproduction
Diseases of the Adrenal Cortex: Cohns Syndrome from aldosterone overproduction coming soon!
Adrenal Cancer: symptoms, diagnosis and treatments
Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy: the new minimally invasive way to remove most adrenal tumors
Overview of Hormones produced by endocrine glands.
Indications for Surgical Removal of Adrenal Glands
The indications for surgical removal of the adrenal gland are relatively straightforward and include, but are not limited to the following:
Tumors of the adrenal cortex which overproduce hormones. One such tumor is shown in the picture...it is the round yellow mass located within the triangular adrenal gland. This picture is blown up about 2-fold to make it easier to see. The normal adrenal gland is NOT this big. Endocrine glands are very important despite their small size since they make important hormones.
Tumors of the adrenal medulla which overproduce adrenaline (pheochromocytoma).
Most solid tumors of the adrenal gland which are greater than 4 cm (~2 inches) regardless of whether they produce hormone or not (to rule out malignancy).
Primary cancers of the adrenal.
Any size adrenal mass which causes symptoms such as flank pain or tenderness.
Note: the above conditions which indicate the surgical removal of an adrenal gland all exclude the situation in which cancer has spread from another organ to the adrenal (metastatic spread)...with very few exceptions.
The remainder of the adrenal section of this large endocrine disorders site is arranged in small segments to make topics easier to understand.
Specific hormones are discussed on pages which illustrate the typical treatment of that disorder. Illustrations and actual patient x-rays are used extensively and new ones are added regularly. If you get lost, or want to see what else is discussed, go to our Home Page.
Five Specific Operations for adrenal tumors [includes reasons why one approach may be better than another]
X-Ray Tests to evaluate adrenal masses and tumors
More on Pheochromocytomas (go here first) as the "Ten Percent Tumor"
Diseases of the Adrenal Cortex: Cushings Syndrome from cortisol overproduction
Diseases of the Adrenal Cortex: Cohns Syndrome from aldosterone overproduction coming soon!
Adrenal Cancer: symptoms, diagnosis and treatments
Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy: the new minimally invasive way to remove most adrenal tumors
Overview of Hormones produced by endocrine glands.
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